A solar cell, commonly referred to as a photovoltaic (PV) cell, is a semiconductor device that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect. Typically made from silicon or other semiconducting materials, it absorbs photons and releases electrons, creating an electric current. As the core element of solar panels, solar cells are widely applied in residential, commercial, and industrial settings to harness renewable energy. By providing a clean and sustainable power source, they significantly reduce reliance on fossil fuels and contribute to global efforts in promoting eco-friendly and energy-efficient solutions.